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Axial Plane Anatomy
Axial Plane Anatomy
Lumbar Surgery India,Cost Lumbar Surgery Delhi India,Lumbar Surgery
Lumbar
What is the Lumbar Spine?
Lumbar Surgery India, Cost Lumbar Surgery Delhi India, Lumbar Surgery, Lumbar Spine Surgery India, Lumbar Spinal Fusion India, Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Fusion, Lumbar Spine, Lumbar Disc Surgery
The lumbar spine – or low back – is the third major region of the spine (Figure 1). Most people have five bones or vertebrae in the lumbar spine, although it is not unusual to have six. Each vertebra is stacked on top of the other and between each vertebra is a gel-like cushion called a disc (intervertebral disc). The discs help to absorb pressure, distribute stress, and keep the vertebrae from grinding against each other.
Normal Anatomy
The lumbar vertebral canal is roughly triangular in shape and is narrowest in its anteroposterior diameter in the axial plane. The average anteroposterior diameter of the lumbar canal in adults, as determined by anatomic and radiographic studies, ranges from 15 to 23 mm.4 The canal is bounded anteriorly by the posterior edge of the vertebral body including the posterior longitudinal ligament, which is closely apposed to the posterior vertebral body surface, laterally by the pedicles, posterolaterally by the facet joints and articular capsules, and posteriorly by the lamina and ligamenta flava (yellow ligaments)…
Vertebrae
The vertebral body is a thin ring of dense cortical bone. The vertebral body is shaped like an hourglass, thinner in the center with thicker ends. Outer cortical bone extends above and below the superior and inferior ends of the vertebrae to form rims. The superior and inferior endplates are contained within these rims of bone.
Types Of Surgery For Lumber Spine : -
The lumbar spine refers to the portion of the spine that’s located in the lower back. Spinal surgery is typically performed only as a last resort after medication and supportive treatment have failed to maintain an acceptable quality of life.
Fusion Surgery
1. Fusion surgery uses a bone graft which causes adjacent vertebrae to grow into a single bone. This surgery is most effective when only two vertebrae are fused together.
L5-S1 Fusion
2. A fusion between the fifth lumbar and first sacral (L5-S1) is the most common type of fusion surgery. It doesn’t change the back’s mechanics significantly because the movement between these two vertebrae is very limited to begin with.
L4-L5 Fusion
3. The L4-L5 segment is also a common site for fusion surgery. This segment normally allows a significant amount of motion and the operation will noticeably reduce the spine’s flexibility.
Artificial Disc Replacement
4. A degenerated disc may be removed and replaced with an artificial disc. This can maintain more of the spine’s normal motion and reduce the stress on adjacent spinal segments.
Risks
The greatest risk for fusion surgery is misidentifying the source of the patient’s pain and therefore performing unnecessary surgery. Artificial disc replacement is a relatively new procedure, so the long-term risks aren’t well-understood.
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